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A cholera outbreak/epidemic can occur in both endemic countries and in countries where cholera does not regularly occur. A cholera-endemic area is an area where confirmed cholera cases were detected during the last 3 years with evidence of local transmission (meaning the cases are not imported from elsewhere).

Epidemiology, risk factors, and disease burdenĬholera can be endemic or epidemic. There is no difference in the illness caused by the two serogroups. It has never been identified outside Asia. cholerae O139 – first identified in Bangladesh in 1992 – caused outbreaks in the past, but recently has only been identified in sporadic cases. cholerae O1 has caused all recent outbreaks. cholerae, but only two – O1 and O139 – cause outbreaks. Cholera is now endemic in many countries. The current (seventh) pandemic started in South Asia in 1961, reached Africa in 1971 and the Americas in 1991. Six subsequent pandemics killed millions of people across all continents. Historyĭuring the 19th century, cholera spread across the world from its original reservoir in the Ganges delta in India. This can lead to death if left untreated. cholerae do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 1-10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people.Īmong people who develop symptoms, the majority have mild or moderate symptoms, while a minority develop acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. Cholera affects both children and adults and can kill within hours if untreated. It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water (2). SymptomsĬholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. The end result: a more livable space just in time for summer.Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

#Image cleaner as good as history kill how to

While there are some givens on this list ( how to clean your microwave or mattress, for example), there are also a few spots that often go unnoticed, like doormats and ceiling fans.īut before you even get to work, make sure you have all the best cleaning products to remove stains, vacuum dirt, shine floors and more. Whether you only have five minutes to freshen things up or you happen to have an entire weekend to spare, our pros are here to help you learn how to give your home's nooks and crannies a much-needed refresh with these cleaning how-tos from Jeffrey Phillip, organizing expert, and Carolyn Forte, Executive Director of the Good Housekeeping Institute Cleaning Lab.Ĭonsider this your official spring cleaning checklist: Pass through item-by-item for a whole home makeover or tackle your home's dirtiest spots when you have some extra time on your hands. Since cleaning your house from top to bottom can be overwhelming - not to mention, tiring and time-consuming - it's easier to take it room by room or appliance by appliance with spring cleaning tips from organizing and cleaning pros. Nothing feels quite as satisfying as coming home to a house that's so clean it practically sparkles.